ABSTRACT
In recent years, laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery have been widely used, and various intraoperative image navigation systems have also developed rapidly. However, the liver itself has a complex vessel and duct system, which increase the difficulty of liver surgery. The augmented reality image navigation system combines the three-dimensional reconstructed image of the liver with the real liver anatomy, which presents the specific relationship between the tumor location and the surrounding vessels for the surgeon. Compared with other intraoperative image navigation methods, augmented reality has its unique advantages. This paper provides an overview of current advances in registration technology in augmented reality image navigation system, and focuses on its applications in liver surgery, including laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery. Finally, the technological problems and difficulties still faced at present are summarized, and future directions worth studying in this field are proposed.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the ability of UCB-derived MSCs to support the expansion of HSCs ex vivo and the possible mechanisms involved in this process.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HSCs from UCB were co-cultured with UCB-derived MSCs for 14 days, and then the total number of HSCs and colony-forming units (CFU) were detected. Cytokines levels of MSCs supernatant were analyzed using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proliferation rate of HSCs co-cultured with MSCs was significantly higher than that of cultured HSCs alone (P<0.05). Furthermore, the addition of exogenous cytokines to the culture system significantly increased the proliferation rate of HSCs (P<0.05). MSCs had secretion of many cytokines, including GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-8, IL-11, SCF and SDF-1α.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>UCB-derived MSCs as a feeder layer can be an alternative approach for ex vivo expansion of HSCs, and the cytokines by secreted UCB-MSCs may mediate the supportive role of MSC to HSC proliferation.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, CD34 , Cell Proliferation , Coculture Techniques , Cytokines , Fetal Blood , Mesenchymal Stem CellsABSTRACT
Objective To study the cause and treatment of chronic instability of the elbow.Methods Between August 1998 and August 2002,12 patients with chronic instability of the elbow were treated in our de- partment:They underwent complete medical check-ups and imaging examinations.Surgical exploration was done to determine the causes of their conditions.Their radial and(or)ulnar collateral ligaments were repaired respectively or simultaneously through the medial and lateral approaches for all the patients.All the patients were followed up for two to six years,with an average of three years.Results The follow-ups revealed no recurrent dislocation of elbow in this group.The stress valgus test and lateral pivot shift test(PST)were negative for all the patients.No elbow pain occurred.The mean flexion and extension of elbow ranged from 0 to 135?.The mean pronation was 85?and mean supination 80?.According the evaluation system of Chinese Medical Association,eight cases were rated as excellent and four as fine,with the excellent and fine rate of 100%.Conclusions Lesions of radial and(or) ulnar collateral ligaments are the major cause for chronic instability of the elbow.Surgical reconstruction of the collateral ligaments can obtain good effects in treatment of recurrent dislocation of the elbow.